Aging wine in the cellar is a transformational step in the winemaking process that can enhance the wine's flavor, aroma, and overall quality. Also called élevage, this happens after fermentation and before the wine is ready to drink. The length of this process can vary greatly. Wines like Beaujolais Nouveau, which are meant to be consumed very young, are bottled and placed on shelves almost immediately after fermentation. Some full bodied red wines will age in the cellar for years.
The most iconic aging vessel is oak, which impart distinct flavors and aromas to the wine. However, there are several other types of containers that wine can age in, each of which imparts its unique flavors and characteristics.
Oak Barrels
Oak barrels are one of the most common vessels used for aging wine. They are often made from French or American oak and can vary in size. Oak is slightly porous, allowing small amounts of oxygen to soften the wine. Flavors such as vanilla, caramel, and spice can be extracted from the wood, adding a layer of complexity and depth to the wine. Tannins are also naturally present in oak, boosting the tannin structure of the finished wine.
2021 Lúuma Cabernet Sauvignon spent 8-9 months in neutral French oak.
Stainless Steel Tanks
Stainless steel tanks are another popular option for aging wine. Unlike oak, stainless steel tanks do not impart any flavors or aromas to the wine or allow an exchange of oxygen. This is ideal for producing wines that you want to showcase the grape's natural flavor profile. Crisp and delicate white and rosé wines are often aged in stainless steel.
2021 LaSelva Rosato spent 6 months in stainless steel.
Concrete Tanks
Concrete tanks are gaining popularity among modern winemakers. They are slightly porous, but don’t impart any strong flavors. It is a happy medium for those who don’t want flavors of oak, but want a softer wine than what stainless steel would produce. The fruit and minerality of these wines are typically the stars.
2019 Sebastien Besson Morgon spent 7 months in concrete.
Next time you’re tasting a wine, I encourage you to think about how it may have been aged. You may find that you have a preference for one aging vessel over another in certain wines. The more you taste and analyze, the closer you will be to finding your favorite wines.